​How to configure URL filter on Huawei ONT?

How to configure URL filter on Huawei GPON ONT, here taking Huawei HN8245Q as an example. The operation steps are as follows:

1. Follow the navigation below to enter the settings page.

2. Fill in the Template name(The input here is test).

3. Set the time allowed to surf the Internet (The time when this template is not effective).

4. Enter the URL address(We can enter multiple URL addresses).

5. Switch to the Overview page and bind the template you just created.

If you want to apply it to the specified device, you need to fill in the MAC address of the specified device.

If you have other questions or problem about GPON OLT, no matter Huawei, Nokia or ZTE GPON ONT, you can contact Thunder-link.com, they maybe helpful.

What is the function of Huawei RPS1800 Power Supply?

Huawei RPS1800 is a redundant power supply that ensures seamless failover if the internal power module of a switch fails. The RPS1800 can detect the failure of the internal power module on a connected switch and immediately supply power to this switch. The switch can continue operating without a restart.

The RPS1800 has the following features:

• For non-PoE switches, the RPS1800 can provide 6:1 power redundancy without an 870 W PoE power module:
  • The RPS1800 can connect to a maximum of six switches and ensure seamless failover for at most one switch if the internal power module of the switch fails.
  • When the internal power module of the switch powered by the RPS1800 recovers, the RPS1800 immediately returns to the backup state.
  • Among the six DC output ports, port 1 has the highest priority, and the other ports have the same priority. When the RPS1800 connects to six switches, the switch connected to port 1 preferentially receives power from the RPS1800.

• For Huawei S5700-LI and S5700S-LI PoE switches, the RPS1800 supports the forcible PoE power supply mode (default) and the 6:1 power cold redundancy mode.

  Forcible PoE power supply mode:

  • The RPS1800 must be configured with one or two 870 W PoE power modules.
  • The forcible PoE power supply mode is the default mode for the PoE switches connected to the RPS1800. In this mode, the RPS1800 provides PoE power supply to the PoE switches. When configured with one 870 W PoE power module, the RPS1800 can provide PoE power supply for only one PoE switch. When configured with two 870 W PoE power modules, the RPS1800 can provide PoE power supply for two PoE switches, 800 W PoE power for each switch.
  • The PoE power provided by the RPS1800 and the PoE power of a switch's internal power modules do not accumulate. That is, when a PoE switch is connected to the RPS1800, its maximum PoE power is 800 W.
  • When using 110 V power input, each 870 W PoE power module can provide only 400 W of PoE power. In this case, an RPS1800 must be configured with two 870 W PoE power modules if it is used to provide PoE power supply. Additionally, only one port of the RPS1800 can provide PoE power supply for a switch.
  • The RPS1800 provides power redundancy for system and PoE power modules of the connected PoE switches. However, it can provide power redundancy for only two PoE switches at the same time.
  • The six DC output ports have the same priority.
  • You can use the rps cold-backup command to switch to the 6:1 power cold redundancy mode. The S5700-28P-PWR-LI-AC and S5700-52P-PWR-LI-AC do not support the 6:1 power cold redundancy mode.
  6:1 power cold redundancy mode:

  • If the RPS1800 has no 870 W PoE power module, it provides the same functions for PoE switches as it does for non-PoE switches.
  • If the RPS1800 has 870 W PoE power modules installed, it provides power redundancy for the system and PoE power modules of PoE switches but does not provide forcible PoE power supply for the switches.
  • The RPS1800 can provide PoE power redundancy for only one switch at a time. It requires only one 870 W PoE power module when using 220 V power input and requires two 870 W PoE power module when using 110 V power input.

• For S5720-LI PoE switches, the RPS1800 supports the 6:1 power cold redundancy mode.

  6:1 power cold redundancy mode:

  • If the RPS1800 has no 870 W PoE power module, it provides the same functions for PoE switches as it does for non-PoE switches.
  • If the RPS1800 has 870 W PoE power modules installed, it provides power redundancy for the system and PoE power modules of PoE switches but does not provide forcible PoE power supply for the switches.
  • The RPS1800 can provide PoE power redundancy for only one switch at a time. It requires only one 870 W PoE power module when using 220 V power input and requires two 870 W PoE power module when using 110 V power input.

The 870 W PoE power modules and RPS cables are not hot swappable.

The RPS1800 only provides power redundancy for switches and cannot power on a switch directly.

Do you know what Is QoS on NE40E Router?

Many customers ask that what is QoS feature supported by Huawei Router NE40E, this chapter describes what the quality of service (QoS) is and introduces some QoS solutions, such as RSVP and DiffServ Model.

As networks rapidly develop, services on the Internet become increasingly diversified. Apart from traditional applications such as WWW, email, and File Transfer Protocol (FTP), the Internet has expanded to encompass other services such as IP phones, e-commerce, multimedia games, e-learning, telemedicine, videophones, videoconferencing, video on demand (VoD), and online movies. In addition, enterprise users use virtual private network (VPN) technologies to connect their branches in different areas so that they can access each other's corporate databases or manage remote devices through Telnet.

Figure 1 Internet services

Diversified services enrich users' lives but also increase the risk of traffic congestion on the Internet. In the case of traffic congestion, services can encounter long delays or even packet loss. As a result, services deteriorate or even become unavailable. Therefore, a solution to resolve traffic congestion on the IP network is urgently needed.

The best way to resolve traffic congestion is actually to increase network bandwidths. However, increasing network bandwidths is not practical in terms of operation and maintenance costs.

The quality of service (QoS) that uses a policy to manage traffic congestion at a low cost has been deployed. QoS aims to provide end-to-end service guarantees for differentiated services and has played an overwhelmingly important role on the Internet. Without QoS, service quality cannot be guaranteed.

Four Components in the DiffServ Model

The DiffServ model consists of four QoS components. Traffic classification and re-marking provide a basis for differentiated services. Traffic policing and shaping, congestion management, and congestion avoidance control network traffic and resource allocation in different ways and allow the system to provide differentiated services.

• Classification and Marking: classification classifies packets while keeping the packets unchanged. Traffic marking sets different priorities for packets and therefore changes the packets.

  NOTE:

  Traffic marking refers to external re-marking, which is implemented on outgoing packets. Re-marking modifies the priority field of packets to relay QoS information to the next-hop device.

  Internal marking is used for internal processing and does not modify packets. Internal marking is implemented on incoming packets for the device to process the packets based on the marks before forwarding them. The concept of internal marking is discussed later in this document.

• Policing and Shaping: restricts the traffic rate to a specific value. When traffic exceeds the specified rate, traffic policing drops excess traffic, and traffic shaping buffers excess traffic.

• Congestion management: places packets in queues for buffering when traffic congestion occurs and determines the forwarding order based on a specific scheduling algorithm.

• Congestion avoidance: monitors network resources. When network congestion intensifies, the device proactively drops packets to regulate traffic so that the network is not overloaded.

The four QoS components are performed in a specific order, as shown in the following figure.

Figure 2 QoS implementation

The QoS components are performed at different locations on the network, as shown in the following figure. In principle, traffic classification, traffic re-marking, and traffic policing are implemented on the inbound user-side interface, and traffic shaping is implemented on the outbound user-side interface (if packets of various levels are involved, queue scheduling and a packet drop policy must be configured on the outbound user-side interface). Congestion management and congestion avoidance are configured on the outbound network-side interface.

Figure 3 QoS Components

How to configure port mapping on Huawei ONT?

This post will show you how to configure port mapping on Huawei GPON ONT.

Port Mapping

Port mapping allows extranet access to an intranet server (such as to a WWW server or FTP server on an extranet). The private IP address and service port of an intranet server is mapped into a public IP address and port, so that users from the extranet can access the intranet server. With port mapping, the public IP address but not the private IP address is visible to the users.

The following uses an example to describe how to configure the port mapping.

Configuration Example

User A installs a camera at home with IP address 192.168.100.100 and port 80. The ONT IP address is 192.168.100.1 (private IP address), the WAN IP address is 100.100.100.100, and the port number is 8080. To allow users to remotely check the camera footage, the required port mapping configurations are as follows:

Prerequisite

Huawei ONT such as HS8546V5 has been connected to the Internet.

Configuration Method

On the ONT web page, configure the port mapping.

Note: The web page may vary according to ONTs.

 

Type: To customize port mapping content, select User-defined; to implement port mapping for common services such as FTP, Telnet, and HTTP, select Apply. In this example, as the access object is a camera, set Type to User-defined.

 

Protocol: Select a protocol used for communication with the server (camera in this example). In this example, select TCP.

 

External Port number : Specify a port range used by extranet users to access the intranet server (camera in this example). In this example, only 1 port is used. Set External Port number** to 2000--2000.

 

Internal Port number: Specify a port range used by the intranet server (camera in this example). In this example, only 1 port is used. Set Internal Port number to 3000--3000.

 

Internal Host: Specify the IP address of the intranet server (camera in this example).

Extranet Access

After the configuration is successful, enter http://20.1.110.236:2000 in the address bar of the browser on a smartphone to access the camera and check the home. (20.1.110.236 is the ONT WAP IP address.)

Tips: The ONT WAN IP address can be queried in the status information.

How to delect Layer 2 Loop of Huawei S5700 Switch?

This acticle will  introduce beriefly how to delect Layer 2 Loop of Huawei S5700 Switch?

Definition

To improve reliability of an Ethernet switching network, device like S5720-28X-SI-AC

redundancy and link redundancy are commonly used. However, many factors such as networking adjustment, configuration modification, and upgrade/migration, may cause protocol or data packets to be forwarded along a loop path. For example, loops will occur if every two devices are connected, as shown in Figure 6-1. Broadcast storm will occur if no loop prevention protocol is configured or network configurations are modified.

Figure 6-1 Link redundancy on the Ethernet switching network

The major harm of a Layer 2 loop is that it causes broadcast storm. If there is no loop on an Ethernet, broadcast Ethernet frames are flooded on the network to ensure that they can be received by every device. With sufficient bandwidth, each bridge forwards received broadcast frames to all interfaces except the receiving interface. However, if a loop occurs, this broadcast mechanism will cause severe faults.

When broadcast storm is generated, Ethernet frames are forwarded permanently, and the forwarding speed reaches or approximates the line speed on an interface, consuming link bandwidth at an enormous speed. According to Ethernet forwarding rules, the devices on the loop will copy these broadcast frames to all their interfaces. Therefore, the entire network is full of broadcast frames. Assume that an Ethernet uses GE connections, every link is full of broadcast frames at the speed of 1000 M/s. As a result, other data packets cannot be forwarded.

In a broadcast domain, if Layer 2 devices forward broadcast frames repeatedly, broadcast storm will occur. The broadcast storm causes the MAC address table to become unstable, degrading the communication quality and even interrupting communication.

To prevent loops and ensure network reliability, loop prevention protocols can be configured on switches. Currently, the S series switches support the following Layer 2 loop prevention protocols:

• STP/RSTP/MSTP
• RRPP
• SEP
• Smart Link
• ERPS

In addition, Huawei S series switches support the following loop detection functions:

• Loop Detection
• Loopback Detection

This document describes how to identify Layer 2 loops.

Purpose

This is a guide for technical support personnel to remove Layer 2 loops, including:

• Helping frontline service engineers describe the fault symptom and determine the scope of the fault.
• Helping TAC engineers collect NE information, analyze anomalies of NEs, and quickly locate the faulty NE and service.
• Helping R&D engineers locate the fault.

On a stably running network, the following factors may cause a fault:

• Network adjustment: such as network topology adjustment, configuration modification, and upgrade/migration
• Network environment change: such as network storm, user online behavior change (holidays, promotion activity, use of smart terminals), power/temperature change, fiber disconnection, change to daylight saving time, microwave transmission affected by weather change (rain/fog), and accident (flood/fire/earthquake/lightning)
• Network device failure: such as software bug, hardware aging (card/fiber/optical module)

The anomalies will be reflected in the traps, logs, traffic statistics, or port status on the certain NE. Therefore, to locate a fault, you need to quickly determine the fault occurrence time and fault impact scope, learn the operations that have been performed and affected NEs, and find out the faulty NE to locate the root cause.

If one or more symptoms in the following figure appear, there is a high probability that a Layer 2 loop has occurred.

Figure 6-2 Layer 2 loop symptoms

CPU and CPU Usage Overview of Huawei S Series Switches

 CPU - The Core of a Switch

Huawei switch uses the distributed architecture, including forwarding and control planes. The forwarding plane implements Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding; the control plane implements forwarding control.

As shown in Figure 15-1, the control plane uses the universal embedded CPU and the forwarding plane uses forwarding chip:

• The forwarding chip implements Layer 2 and Layer 3 forwarding, for example, updating the MAC address table for Layer 2 forwarding and Layer 3 forwarding table for IP forwarding. The forwarding chip implements data forwarding with a high throughput.
• The CPU maintains software entries, such as routing and ARP entries, and configures the hardware Layer 3 forwarding table in chip based on the software forwarding entries. The CPU can also provide software-based Layer 3 forwarding. However, a disadvantage of CPU is that it has a low processing capability.

Figure 15-1 Distributed architecture

Packets on a network can be classified into control packets and data packets depending on their functions. If a switch does not have any hardware forwarding entry, the first packet reaching the switch is forwarded by the CPU and a Layer 3 forwarding hardware entry is created. The follow-up packets enter the forwarding chip through the inbound interface. Figure 15-2 shows this process.

Figure 15-2 Processing non-initial packets

• Flow 1 (data packets) is sent out by the forwarding chip, and does not pass the CPU. The flow processing does not consume CPU resources.
• Flow 2 (control packets and a part of data packets) is forwarded to the CPU through the forwarding chip. The CPU determines whether to send the flow out or terminate it. Flow 2 consumes CPU resources, and cannot be forwarded in a high speed.

The Layer 2 and Layer 3 hardware entries in the forwarding chip determine whether a switch can implement high-speed forwarding; however, the hardware entries in the forwarding chip are created based on the software entries maintained in the CPU. Therefore, the CPU is the core of a switch.

CPU Usage

After a switch like Huawei S6730 switch starts, the CPU runs more than 200 active tasks to manage the switch and monitor Layer 3 entry learning. The number of tasks may vary according to switch models. In addition, when more features are configured on a switch, more tasks run in the system

CPU usage is the percentage of the amount of time a CPU spends processing non-idle tasks. It has the following characteristics:

• Constantly changing: A switch's CPU usage keeps changing with system operations and changes of the environment.
• Non-real-time: CPU usage data reflects CPU usage within a statistical period.
• Entity-relevant: CPU usage is calculated based on physical CPU. Generally, each service card on a switch has an independent physical CPU. Therefore, the CPU usages of different cards are calculated separately.

A CPU usage reflects task running status at a specified time point. In Figure 15-3, task A occupies CPU resource for 10 ms, task B occupies CPU resource for 30 ms, and they stop for 60 ms. Then, task A occupies CPU resource for 10 ms, task B occupies CPU resource for 30 ms, and they stop for 60 ms. In this period, the CPU usage is 40%. A high CPU usage indicates that the switch is running many tasks.

Figure 15-3 Tasks occupy CPU resources

It can be found that the CPU usage is directly related to CPU performance. Therefore, the CPU usage is a key indicator of switch performance.

Introduction for A Packet‘s Adventures on Huawei Routers

Modern networks may require an array of high, medium, and low-level routers, each with differing functions and applications. This document explains how Huawei router (such as NE40E, NE80E, and NE5000E) operate.

Where Does the Data Go After Being "Swallowed" by a Router?

A router continually swallows and passes communication date.

Where does data go after being swallowed by a router?
Most data input to a router from one interface is output through another interface. These data packets are only "passers-by" and therefore also called pass-by packets. A small portion of data is "absorbed" - either sent to the CPU or dropped in transit.

Router Forwarding Panorama
These processes are explained further throughout the following chapters.
The following figure shows how a router forwards service and protocol packets.

The following figure shows how a router's CPU forwards a protocol packet.

Why does SL64 board report the R_LOF alarm?

This post will tell you a case about the SL64 board reports the R_LOF alarm due to the service attribute issue.

Problem Description

The customer has an OSN7500 on a site, which is connected to an OSN6800 TDX board through the SL64 board and transmits the signal to the peer device. Now the R_LOF alarm is reported on the SL64 board, OSN7500 cannot communicate with the peer device. Customer requests to cooperate.

Handling procedure: 

1. The SL64 board reports the R_LOF alarm but does not report the R_LOF alarm. This indicates that the SL64 board can receive the optical signals from the TDX board. 

2. Check the alarms on the opposite equipment. It is found that the same alarm is generated. This indicates that the fault may occur on the WDM link. 

3. Checked the WDM trail based on the signal flow. No fault was found. 

4. Checked the port settings of the TDX board and found that the service type was not configured, as shown in the following figure：

 

When the service type is set to STM-64, the R_LOF alarm is cleared. 

 

Root cause: 

The service type of the TX/RX port on the TDX board is not set to STM-64 service board. 

Solution: 

The service type of the TX/RX port on the TDX board must be set to STM-64.