How to configure the VOIP WAN of Huawei ONT on the OLT?

Huawei OLT supports the configuration of WAN ports for Huawei ONT through the CLI, including INTERNET WAN, VOIP WAN, IPTV WAN, and TR069 WAN.

Generally, one WAN port is configured with one type of service, and one WAN port may be configured with multiple types of services.

I would like to share with you how to configure the service type of Huawei ONT on the 

OLT as the WAN of the VOIP type.

The configuration procedure is as follows:
Note that only the process is demonstrated here. Related parameters need to be configured based on your network.

1. Turn on the OMCI configuration switch

MA5800-X17(config)#gpon ont home-gateway config-method omci

2. Configure the WAN

a. Creating an ONT SIP Profile

MA5800-X17(config)#ont-sipagent-profile modify profile-id 1 proxy-server 10.x.x.1 proxy-server-port 5060 outbound-server 20.x.x.1 outbound-server-port 5060 registration server-uri reg.test.com expiration 3600

b. Creating a WAN

Step 1, run the ont ipconfig command to determine the WAN port index and IP address obtaining mode. Here, the WAN port index is set to 2. (The default value is 0 if the WAN port index is not specified.)

MA5800-X17(config-if-gpon-0/4)#ont ipconfig 15 1 ip-index 2 dhcp vlan 4000

Step 2, create a SIP interface and bind it to the created SIP profile.

MA5800-X17(config-if-gpon-0/4)#if-sip add 15 1 1 ip-index 2 sipagent-profile profile-id 1

Step 3, add a voice user. After the three steps are complete, the ONT creates a WAN port and issues voice-related parameter settings.

MA5800-X17(config-if-gpon-0/4)#sippstnuser add 15 1 1 telno 88880001 username u88880001 password p88880001 mgid 1

After the two steps are complete, the ONT creates a WAN port.

3. Verify WAN Configuration

Log in to the ONT WebUI, you can view the created WAN configuration on the ONT WebUI, and check whether the configuration is consistent with that on the OLT.

4. Configuring Parameters of the Voice 

Create an ONT SIP Profile.

5. Query the ONT WAN port information on the OLT

How to build a 10Gbps home network?

 In this day and age, the internet has become a necessity of life. In-home network design, we have various choices, Wi-Fi, wired, which one is more suitable for the home network? How should the home network be deployed? How to choose the network cable and ultimately how to build a 10Gbps home network?

Ethernet vs. Wi-Fi

Today's Wi-Fi bandwidth is getting bigger and bigger, with the latest commercial standard Wi-Fi 6 reaching 10Gbps wireless rates and the draft Wi-Fi 7 being revised to reach ultra-high speeds of 30Gbps. This leaves many wired out of reach. It seems that the future of Wi-Fi is bright. Although Wi-Fi speed is getting faster and faster, but wired networks also have unparalleled advantages:

1. Stability: After the initial deployment of the network cable is completed, it will basically not be adjusted later and the transmission rate will remain basically the same.

2. High speed: Although Wi-Fi 6 rate is high, but, at present, the network cable is basically 1Gbps rate or higher, the rate fully meets the home use.

3. Extremely resistant to interference: the wired network rate will not be affected by microwave ovens, walls, etc.

4. Wide range of use: Benefit from the RJ45 interface specification, all wired network interfaces (non-fiber) are consistent, even if the equipment replacement, will not affect its access to the existing network.

Therefore, when you have a lot of wired devices that need to access the network, the RJ45 network cable is your best choice, if you only have laptops and cell phones, only deploying Wi-Fi is also possible.

So how do we need to design and build the home network formation? What equipment do we need to use?

Modem

As the first device in the home, the optical GPON ONT modem is responsible for modulating the Ethernet digital signal from the intranet into a baseband signal or an optical signal. According to the type of modulated signal, it can be divided into electric modem and optical modem. With the popularity of optical fiber, more and more electrical modems are being replaced by optical cats.

On the optical modem device, there is usually one fiber optic interface and two to four Ethernet ports. The fiber optic interface is mainly used to connect to the fiber optic of the ISP, and the Ethernet port is mainly used to connect to the devices of the intranet. If the optical modem is only single-stored for signal modulation and demodulation, then usually it has only one Ethernet interface. If, in addition to signal modulation and demodulation, the optical modem is also responsible for other functions, such as a router, then it will have more Ethernet interfaces to meet the access of devices.

For example, Huawei HG8245H has an integrated optical modem, router, wireless router, and other functions.

Router

The router plays the role of connecting different networks and forwarding data. In home networks, it also plays the role of address translation.

Switch

Switches are not used much in home networks and are usually only used when there are many wired access devices. For example, in addition to wired PCs, there are NAS, servers, TVs, cameras, etc.

Network cable

Network cable as a cable to connect each wired device, while in the pre-decoration, once laid will not be changed. Therefore, it is especially important to determine the type of network cable and the design of the access point.

At present, the mainstream use is MODEM 6A UTP cable. Compared with MODEM 6A STP cable, UTP cable does not require grounding, the construction process requirements are simple.

 

CAT 6A vs CAT 7

I recommend CAT 6A over CAT 7 for the following reasons:

1. CAT 6A UTP deployment is simpler.

   CAT 6A UTP and STP are two optional, in the home network of this short distance applications, the difference between the two is not much, but CAT 7 are with shielding layer, in terms of wire diameter, CAT 6A UTP general diameter is 6.2mm, CAT 7 line diameter reached 7.8mm, and with braided mesh shielding layer. CAT 7 line than CAT 6A UTP CAT 7 wire is much stiffer than CAT 6A UTP and will be more difficult to operate in the later threading.

2. CAT 6A UTP crimp RJ45 connectors are simpler.

   In order to achieve high speed, CAT 7 adds a shielding layer between PVC jacket and cable pairs and requires grounding in the shielding layer, which puts higher requirements on the making of RJ45 connectors.

3. CAT 6A is cheaper

   Compared to CAT 7 cable, CAT 6A is half the price per meter of CAT 7. The cost of use is much lower.

Home network build

A common home network networking structure is shown in the following figure.

In the example above, the switch is both the hub point for device connectivity and also acts as a PoE switch to provide power to the AP.

After the network planning is complete, all we need is to thread the wires.

In the previous period, weak electric PVC pipes have been laid, and in order to thread the pipes, we can use some auxiliary threading tools.

After completing the threading, the next step is to make RJ45 connectors only.

Currently, there are two types of RJ45 connectors, namely T568A and T568B. Since the equipment nowadays can automatically switch between T568A and T568B, you can choose any one of them when making RJ45 connectors.

With the above steps, you are basically done with your home network deployment.

If there is anything missing, please add it in the comment section.

ONU failure to go online – Problems with ODN

 This actical mainly about problems with ODN and how we can fix it. This is the last article about problems with ODN. In the previous post, I explained – connected connectors of different types and connected fibers of different types.

As I said in the first article about problems with ODN, there are the following problems:

1. Feeder/distribution/drop fibers are broken,

2. Dirty optical connectors,

3. Bent fibers,

4. Problem with optical splitters,

5. Connected connectors of different types,

6. Connected fibers of different types,

7. Bad splices,

8. Incorrectly designed networks or incorrectly realized networks.

Today I will explain bad splices and incorrectly designed networks or incorrectly realized networks.

7. Bad splices

There are three types of connection optical fibers: fusion splices, mechanical splices, and optical connectors. Now, I will shortly explain fusion and mechanical splices, bad splices, and the process for fix this problem.

We choose the way of connecting fibers based on: low attenuation, low reflection, and high reliability. In addition, application and price.

The most reliable and commonly used way of connecting fibers is fusion splice. This way of connecting the optical fibers enables low attenuation, low reflection, and high reliability. It is used mainly in the feeder and distribution segments, but also in the drop part of ODN. Generally, wherever on/off fiber is not required.

For fusion splicing, we use a special machine, is fusion splicer. In short, the fibers are prepared using certain tools (e.g. cable slitter, tube cutter, fiber striper, etc.), then cleaning with alcohol or some other liquid for fibers and wipes, then the optical fibers are cut using an optical cleaver. After that, the optical fibers are connected by a fusion connector. In the end, the fusion machine checks the splice: the strength of the joint and evaluates the attenuation.

Mechanical splices are very rarely used. The reason is potentially high attenuation, high reflection, and low reliability. Index matching gel becomes obsolete over time and parameters of the mechanical splice degrades. A mechanical splice is used when we do not have a sufficient number of fusion splicers, when we rarely splice and when there is an emergency intervention. Because that, they are used a little, I will not talk about them and the problems they can cause. That will be one of the new topics.

After short explaining how to connect fibers, I will now explain the most common problems with fusion splices.

There are two main causes of bad splices. Dirty or insufficiently cleaned fibers will deviate during the process of splicing. Another problem is bad to cut fibers. The fiber must be cut at an angle of 90 degrees. This is very important to ensure a quality connection - a little attenuation and little reflection.

Sometimes fusion splicers can make a bad splice. Therefore, the electrodes and software settings should be checked.

Good splice has attenuation about 0.01 dB, max attenuation is 0.1dB. A bad splice may have a greater attenuation than the 0.1dB, values are from 1 to 5 dB. These values of attenuation can disable the connection between Huawei GPON ONT and GPON OLT such as MA5800 OLT. We can see the problem immediately after the splice is completed and repeat the splicing. After finished build the network, we must test all-optical lines by OTDR. With OTDR we can see all incorrect events on the route.

In the next two pictures, we can see the process of fusion splicing (figure 1.) and common cleave problems (figure 2.). In figure 2, there are three common cleave problems: lip, chip, and angle.

Figure 1. Process of fusion splicing

(https://imedea.uib-csic.es/~salvador/docencia/coms_optiques/addicional/ibm/ch06/06-04.html)

Figure 2. Common cleave problems

(https://www.fiberoptics4sale.com/blogs/archive-posts/95049286-fiber-optic-cleaver)

8. Incorrectly designed networks or incorrectly realized network

Sometimes an error is made during design or building and an inadequate optical splitter is installed. In this way, we don`t have the optimal number of fiber divisions. Optical power may be higher or more often lower than required. For example, instead of splitting the fiber 32 times, it is split 16 or 64 times.

We can locate this problem with OTDR or using a PON meter. Incorrect optical power can disable connections between ONUs and OLT. The problem will be fixed when we change the inadequate optical splitter.

What are the GPON and Ethernet port parameters of Huawei ONT EG8141A5?

EG8141A5 is Huawei new model GPON ONT, ports are almost same as old model HG8546M, with 1POTS + 1GE + 3FE + 2.4G Wi-Fi, but difference is that 5db and 3db antenna. Below is the introduction of EG8141A5 GPON and Ethernet port parameters

GPON Port
• Class B+
• Receiver sensitivity: -27 dBm
• Overload optical power: -8 dBm
• Wavelengths: US 1310 nm, DS 1490 nm
• Wavelength blocking filter (WBF) of G.984.5
• Flexible mapping between GEM Port and TCONT
• GPON: consistent with the SN or password
authentication defined in G.984.3
• Bi-directional FEC
• SR-DBA and NSR-DBA
• Type B (single-homing & dual-homing)

Ethernet Port
• Ethernet port-based VLAN tags and tag removal
• 1:1 VLAN, N:1 VLAN, or VLAN transparent
transmission
• QinQ VLAN
• Limit on the number of learned MAC addresses
• MAC address learning
• GE: Auto-adaptive 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s or 1000
Mbit/s
• FE: Auto-adaptive 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s

GPON ONT is end-consumption, new models will replace old models. Thunder-link.com provides various Huawei ONT, both new and old models, RF or dual-band models, for more details, you can view the website.

How to check the telephone port on 8245Q2 is normal?

1, Configure the IP address of the PC in the same subnet as the local maintenance IP address of ONT  8245Q2 Ensure that the PC can ping 192.168.100.1.

2, Access 192.168.100.1 remotely from the PC and input the username and password root/admin. The wap> is displayed, which indicates that the login succeeds.

3, Input vspa voiptest switch enable in the wap> command to enable the mutual dialing function.

4, Assume that two telephones are connected to port tel1 and port tel2. The telephone numbers are 0 and 1 respectively (the rest may be reduced by analogy if there are many telephone numbers). Hook off telephone tel1 and dial 1 to call telephone tel2. If telephone tel2 rings, and telephone tel2 can communicate with telephone tel1 after offhook, it indicates that the telephone ports of ONT function normally. Then use telephone tel2 to call telephone tel1. If  the GPON ONT has only one telephone port, hook off the telephone and dial 0 after the mutual dialing function is enabled. Speak to the speaker and if echoes can be heard in the earphone, it indicates that the dialing function is normal.